道路工程
一、道路基础 | Road Fundamentals
二、路基路面结构 | Pavement Structure
三、道路施工 | Road Construction
四、道路材料 | Road Materials
五、道路检测 | Road Testing
Access Road — Base Course Construction and Testing
He, the access road to the solar farm is critical — we'll have heavy trucks hauling transformers and BESS containers. What's the pavement design?
贺工，光伏电站的进场路很关键——会有重车运输变压器和储能集装箱。路 面结构设计是什么？
贺工: The road is 24 feet wide, 1,500 feet long. We designed for 80,000-lb truck loads — that's the standard legal load limit. Pavement structure is: 6 inches of cement-treated base over 8 inches of crushed aggregate subbase over compacted subgrade. Asphalt surface is 4 inches of HMA in two lifts — 2.5-inch binder course and 1.5-inch wearing course.
路宽24英尺，长1,500英尺。按80,000磅卡车设计——标准法定荷载限值。 路面结构是：6英寸水稳基层 + 8英寸级配碎石底基层 + 压实路基面。沥青面 层是4英寸热拌沥青，分两层——2.5英寸粘结层 + 1.5英寸磨耗层。
OK. The CTB was placed last week. Let's see the test results.
好。水稳层是上周铺的。看一下检测结果。
贺工: Lab Tech, pull the CTB test data.
试验员，调水稳层检测数据。
试验员: Here. 7-day unconfined compressive strength: average 750 psi. Spec is 500 to 800 psi. Density: 98.2% of maximum dry density. Spec minimum is 96%. Both pass.
在这儿。7天无侧限抗压强度：平均750 psi。指标500到800 psi。密实度： 最大干密度的98.2%。指标最低96%。两者都过。
And the surface smoothness of the base?
基层表面平整度呢？
贺工: (checks the profilometer data) IRI reading is 95 inches per mile. For a base course, anything under 120 is acceptable. We're in good shape for the asphalt overlay.
（查看平整度仪数据）IRI读数95英寸每英里。对基层来说，120以下都算 合格。铺沥青没问题了。
Good. Now let's talk about the asphalt paving. What's your mix design?
好。现在谈沥青摊铺。配比设计是什么？
贺工: We're using HMA — Superpave 19 mm nominal aggregate size, PG 64-22 binder. Asphalt content is 5.2% by weight. Target air voids is 4%. Laydown temperature: 290°F minimum.
我们用热拌沥青——Superpave 19毫米公称粒径，PG 64-22沥青。沥青含量 5.2%（重量）。目标空隙率4%。摊铺温度：最低290°F。
Make sure you monitor the temperature at the paver and behind the breakdown roller. If it drops below 185°F before final compaction, you won't hit density.
确保你监测摊铺机和初压钢轮后的温度。如果在终压前温度掉到185°F以下， 就达不到密实度了。
贺工: Agreed. We have infrared thermometers at the paver and each roller. Breakdown roller follows within 30 feet of the paver. Intermediate roller at 100 feet. Finish roller at 150 feet.
同意。摊铺机和每台压路机都配了红外测温枪。初压钢轮跟在摊铺机30英 尺以内。复压胶轮在100英尺。终压钢轮在150英尺。
And the density testing — how are you doing that?
密实度检测——怎么做？
贺工: Nuclear density gauge — one test every 500 linear feet per lane. Target density is 92-96% of maximum theoretical. We core every 1,000 feet for lab verification.
核子密度仪——每车道每500延英尺一个点。目标密实度是最大理论的 92-96%。每1,000英尺取芯送试验室验证。
Site Internal Roads — Gravel Surface Construction
He, the internal access roads between the PV blocks — we're going with gravel surface, not asphalt, right?
贺工，光伏区内部道路——我们做碎石面层，不是沥青，对吧？
贺工: Correct. These are low-speed, low-volume roads — mainly for maintenance vehicles and occasional pickup trucks. Width is 16 feet. The section is: 6 inches of graded aggregate base over compacted subgrade, with a 2% cross slope for drainage.
对。这些是低速、低交通量道路——主要给维护车辆和偶尔皮卡用。宽16英尺。 结构是：6英寸级配碎石基层 + 压实路基，2%横坡排水。
How do you ensure the gravel stays put? We're in a windy area and loose gravel can become a dust problem.
怎么确保碎石不跑？我们这里风大，松碎石会变成扬尘问题。
贺工: We're using a well-graded crushed stone — maximum size 3/4 inch with 8-12% fines passing the #200 sieve. The fines act as a natural binder. After placing and grading, we'll wet- compact it with a vibratory roller. The moisture activates the fines and locks the aggregate together.
我们用良好级配碎石——最大粒径3/4英寸，含8-12%通过200号筛的细料。 细料起天然粘结作用。摊铺整平后，用振动压路机带水碾压。水激活细料， 把骨料锁在一起。
OK. Grader operator — you're cutting the subgrade now. Watch the cross slope.
好。平地机手——你在切削路基面。注意横坡。
平地机手: I'm cutting to 2% slope. Checking with the auto-level... 2.1% on the left, 1.9% on the right. I'll make one more pass.
我在切2%坡。用水准仪看……左边2.1%、右边1.9%。我再走一遍。
(after adjustment) Now dead-on 2%. Ready for aggregate.
（调整后）现在正好2%。可以上碎石了。
贺工: Dump the aggregate in windrows along the road. Spreader box will lay it at 7 inches loose — that will compact to about 6 inches. Keep the grader following to shape the surface.
碎石沿路堆成长条。摊铺箱松铺7英寸——压实后约6英寸。平地机跟着整 型。
Let me check the thickness after grading. (probes with a rod) 6.5 inches on the crown, 6.2 inches at the edges. Good.
我来查整平后的厚度。（用探杆）路冠6.5英寸，边缘6.2英寸。好。
贺工: Now wet it down — water truck, apply evenly. Not so much that it puddles. Then the roller comes in — 4 passes minimum with vibration on.
洒水——水车，均匀洒。别洒太多积起来。然后压路机进场——带振动最少 4遍。
(after rolling) Let's check compaction. Density gauge... 97.8% of modified Proctor. Spec is 95% minimum. Good. The surface is tight — no loose stones.
（碾压后）测密实度。密度仪……修正普氏97.8%。指标最低95%。好。表面 紧密——没有松碎石。
Good job, team. This road will serve for years with minimal maintenance — just an occasional grading touch-up.
干得好，团队。这条路能用好些年，维护很少——偶尔平地机修整一下就行。