一、电缆类型 | Cable Types
电缆— cable —/ˈkeɪbəl/
电力电缆— power cable —/ˈpaʊər ˈkeɪbəl/
控制电缆— control cable —/kənˈtroʊl ˈkeɪbəl/
仪表电缆— instrumentation cable —/ˌɪnstrəmɛnˈteɪʃən ˈkeɪbəl/
通信电缆— communication cable —/kəˌmjunɪˈkeɪʃən ˈkeɪbəl/
光纤电缆— fiber optic cable —/ˈfaɪbər ˈɑptɪk ˈkeɪbəl/
中压电缆— MV cable (Medium Voltage) —/ˈɛm ˈvi ˈkeɪbəl/
低压电缆— LV cable (Low Voltage) —/ˈɛl ˈvi ˈkeɪbəl/
高压电缆— HV cable (High Voltage) —/ˈeɪtʃ ˈvi ˈkeɪbəl/
铠装电缆— armored cable —/ˈɑrmərd ˈkeɪbəl/
非铠装电缆— unarmored cable —/ʌnˈɑrmərd ˈkeɪbəl/
屏蔽电缆— shielded cable —/ˈʃildɪd ˈkeɪbəl/
同轴电缆— coaxial cable —/koʊˈæksiəl ˈkeɪbəl/
双绞线— twisted pair —/ˈtwɪstɪd pɛr/
多芯电缆— multi-core cable —/ˈmʌlti kɔr ˈkeɪbəl/
单芯电缆— single-core cable —/ˈsɪŋɡəl kɔr ˈkeɪbəl/
阻燃电缆— flame-retardant cable —/fleɪm rɪˈtɑrdənt ˈkeɪbəl/
耐火电缆— fire-resistant cable —/faɪr rɪˈzɪstənt ˈkeɪbəl/
低烟无卤电缆— LSZH (Low Smoke Zero Halogen) cable —/ˈɛl ˈɛs ˈzi ˈeɪtʃ/
直埋电缆— direct-burial cable —/dɪˈrɛkt ˈbɛriəl ˈkeɪbəl/
二、电缆结构 | Cable Construction
导体— conductor —/kənˈdʌktər/
铜导体— copper conductor —/ˈkɑpər kənˈdʌktər/
铝导体— aluminum conductor —/əˈlumɪnəm kənˈdʌktər/
绞合导体— stranded conductor —/ˈstrændɪd kənˈdʌktər/
实心导体— solid conductor —/ˈsɑlɪd kənˈdʌktər/
绝缘层— insulation —/ˌɪnsəˈleɪʃən/
XLPE交联聚乙烯— XLPE (Cross-Linked Polyethylene) —/ˈɛks ˈɛl ˈpi ˈi/
EPR乙丙橡胶— EPR (Ethylene Propylene Rubber) —/ˈi ˈpi ˈɑr/
PVC绝缘— PVC insulation —/ˈpi ˈvi ˈsi ˌɪnsəˈleɪʃən/
半导体层— semi-conductive layer —/ˈsɛmi kənˈdʌktɪv ˈleɪər/
屏蔽层— shield; screen —/ʃild/; /skrin/
铜带屏蔽— copper tape shield —/ˈkɑpər teɪp ʃild/
铜丝屏蔽— copper wire shield —/ˈkɑpər waɪr ʃild/
铠装— armor —/ˈɑrmər/
钢带铠装— steel tape armor (STA) —/stil teɪp ˈɑrmər/
钢丝铠装— steel wire armor (SWA) —/stil waɪr ˈɑrmər/
外护套— outer jacket; outer sheath —/ˈaʊtər ˈdʒækɪt/
内护套— inner sheath —/ˈɪnər ʃiθ/
填料— filler —/ˈfɪlər/
包带— binder tape; bedding tape —/ˈbaɪndər teɪp/
三、电缆敷设 | Cable Installation
电缆敷设— cable installation; cable laying —/ˈkeɪbəl ˌɪnstəˈleɪʃən/; /ˈkeɪbəl ˈleɪɪŋ/
电缆沟— cable trench —/ˈkeɪbəl trɛntʃ/
电缆隧道— cable tunnel —/ˈkeɪbəl ˈtʌnəl/
电缆桥架— cable tray —/ˈkeɪbəl treɪ/
梯架— ladder tray —/ˈlædər treɪ/
槽式桥架— trough tray —/trɔf treɪ/
穿孔桥架— perforated tray —/ˈpɜrfəˌreɪtɪd treɪ/
电缆支架— cable rack; cable cleat —/ˈkeɪbəl ræk/; /ˈkeɪbəl klit/
电缆管— cable duct; conduit —/ˈkeɪbəl dʌkt/; /ˈkɑnduɪt/
排管— duct bank —/dʌkt bæŋk/
电缆井— manhole; pull box —/ˈmænˌhoʊl/; /pʊl bɑks/
转弯半径— bending radius —/ˈbɛndɪŋ ˈreɪdiəs/
电缆牵引— cable pulling —/ˈkeɪbəl ˈpʊlɪŋ/
牵引头— pulling eye; pulling grip —/ˈpʊlɪŋ aɪ/; /ˈpʊlɪŋ ɡrɪp/
电缆盘— cable reel; cable drum —/ˈkeɪbəl ril/; /ˈkeɪbəl drʌm/
电缆放线架— cable reel stand; cable jack —/ˈkeɪbəl ril stænd/
润滑剂— pulling lubricant —/ˈpʊlɪŋ ˈlubrɪkənt/
蛇形敷设— snaking; offset laying —/ˈsneɪkɪŋ/
固定间距— cleat spacing; support spacing —/klit ˈspeɪsɪŋ/
四、电缆接头与终端 | Cable Joints & Terminations
电缆终端— cable termination —/ˈkeɪbəl ˌtɜrmɪˈneɪʃən/
电缆接头— cable joint; cable splice —/ˈkeɪbəl dʒɔɪnt/; /ˈkeɪbəl splaɪs/
中间接头— straight joint —/streɪt dʒɔɪnt/
T型接头— tee joint; branch joint —/ti dʒɔɪnt/; /bræntʃ dʒɔɪnt/
热缩终端— heat-shrink termination —/hit ʃrɪŋk ˌtɜrmɪˈneɪʃən/
冷缩终端— cold-shrink termination —/koʊld ʃrɪŋk ˌtɜrmɪˈneɪʃən/
预制式终端— pre-molded termination; push-on termination —/pri ˈmoʊldɪd ˌtɜrmɪˈneɪʃən/
户外终端— outdoor termination —/ˈaʊtˌdɔr ˌtɜrmɪˈneɪʃən/
户内终端— indoor termination —/ˈɪnˌdɔr ˌtɜrmɪˈneɪʃən/
GIS终端— GIS termination; plug-in termination —/ˈdʒi ˈaɪ ˈɛs ˌtɜrmɪˈneɪʃən/
电缆头— cable lug; terminal lug —/ˈkeɪbəl lʌɡ/
压接— crimping; compression —/ˈkrɪmpɪŋ/; /kəmˈprɛʃən/
应力锥— stress cone —/strɛs koʊn/
应力控制管— stress control tube —/strɛs kənˈtroʊl tub/
接地线— ground lead; bonding lead —/ɡraʊnd lid/; /ˈbɑndɪŋ lid/
半导电层剥离— semi-con stripping —/ˈsɛmi kɑn ˈstrɪpɪŋ/
绝缘层削剥— insulation stripping —/ˌɪnsəˈleɪʃən ˈstrɪpɪŋ/
五、电缆试验 | Cable Testing
绝缘电阻测试— insulation resistance test; megger test —/ˌɪnsəˈleɪʃən rɪˈzɪstəns tɛst/
耐压试验— hi-pot test; withstand test —/haɪ pɑt tɛst/; /wɪðˈstænd tɛst/
直流耐压— DC hi-pot —/ˈdi ˈsi haɪ pɑt/
交流耐压— AC hi-pot; VLF test —/ˈeɪ ˈsi haɪ pɑt/
超低频试验— VLF (Very Low Frequency) testing —/ˈvi ˈɛl ˈɛf ˈtɛstɪŋ/
局部放电— partial discharge (PD) —/ˈpɑrʃəl ˈdɪsˌtʃɑrdʒ/
电缆故障定位— cable fault location —/ˈkeɪbəl fɔlt loʊˈkeɪʃən/
时域反射计— TDR (Time Domain Reflectometer) —/ˈti ˈdi ˈɑr/
护套测试— jacket integrity test —/ˈdʒækɪt ɪnˈtɛɡrəti tɛst/
相序检查— phase rotation check —/feɪz roʊˈteɪʃən tʃɛk/
连续性测试— continuity test —/ˌkɑntɪˈnuəti tɛst/
缆号核对— cable identification; cable tagging —/ˈkeɪbəl aɪˌdɛntɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/
MV Collector Cable — Trenching and Laying
SamPeng, we're about to start laying the MV collector cables from the combiner boxes to the inverter stations. This is a big underground network — 28 circuits total. Walk me through the installation plan.
彭工，我们要开始敷设从汇流箱到逆变器站的中压集电电缆了。这是一个 很大的地下网络——总共28个回路。给我过一遍敷设方案。
Sam彭工: Each circuit is a 3-phase MV cable — 34.5 kV rated, single- core 500 kcmil aluminum conductor with XLPE insulation, copper tape shield, and PVC jacket. Three single-core cables per circuit, laid in trefoil formation in a trench.
每个回路是三相中压电缆——额定34.5 kV、单芯500 kcmil铝导体、XLPE 绝缘、铜带屏蔽、PVC外护套。每个回路三根单芯电缆，在沟槽里三角形排列 敷设。
Sam沟槽深4英尺,宽2英尺。底部垫4英寸沙子作为bedding。电缆敷设后上面再盖 4英寸沙子，然后铺混凝土保护盖板，最后回填土。沿途每200英尺设一个电 缆井。
The trench is 4 feet deep, 2 feet wide. Bottom has 4 inches of sand bedding. After cables are laid, cover with another 4 inches of sand, then concrete protective cover slabs, then backfill. Manholes every 200 feet along the route.
SamWhat about the bend radius? That's critical for MV cable.
弯曲半径呢？这对中压电缆很关键。
Sam彭工: The minimum bending radius is 12× the cable outer diameter. Cable OD is 1.5 inches, so minimum bend radius is 18 inches. We've designed all trench bends to be at least 24 inches radius — twice the minimum. We use PVC sweeps at the duct bank entries and exits.
最小弯曲半径是12倍的电缆外径。电缆外径1.5英寸，所以最小弯曲半径 18英寸。我们所有沟槽转弯设计至少24英寸半径——两倍最小值。排管出入口 用PVC大弯头。
Sam工长: 我们正在放第一盘电缆——盘号DR-003，长度2,500英尺。电缆从盘上放出走的 是滚轮，不是在地上拖。每个滚轮间距10英尺，转弯处加滚筒。
We're laying the first cable now — reel DR-003, 2,500 feet. The cable is coming off the reel over rollers, not dragged on the ground. Rollers every 10 feet, with corner rollers at the bends.
SamAre you monitoring the pulling tension?
你在监测牵引力吗？
Sam彭工: Yes, the pulling winch has a tension meter. Max allowable pulling tension is 1,500 lbs for this cable — that's 0.008× conductor area in circular mils per the manufacturer. We're pulling at 900 lbs right now — well under. Pulling speed is 30 feet per minute.
对，牵引机有张力表。这根电缆最大允许牵引力是1,500磅——按厂家公式 为导体的圆密耳面积×0.008。我们现在拉到900磅——远低于限值。牵引速度 每分钟30英尺。
Sam工长: 电缆已经落位到沙子床上了。下一步是把三根按三角形排列用电缆卡固定—— 每5英尺一个卡子。然后盖沙子。
The cable is resting on the sand bed now. Next is to trefoil the three phases and secure them with cable cleats — every 5 feet. Then cover with sand.
MV Cable Termination — Cold-Shrink Installation
Peng, the first MV cable termination is being made — at Inverter #12 incoming. This is a cold-shrink type. Let's check the environmental conditions first.
Ambient temp 78°F, humidity 45%, no rain, no dust. These are critical for cold-shrink terminations.
我已经处理好了电缆端部——外护套剥离30英寸。半导电层剥除露出20英寸 XLPE绝缘。所有切割用专用剥离工具——绝缘层上无刀痕。这点很关键。
Let me check the insulation surface — using a magnifier, no scratches, no pits. Has it been cleaned with alcohol?
是的，用无绒布和异丙醇清洁。单向擦拭——不来回擦。
好。现在装应力锥——这是预制成型的冷缩式。预先撑开在螺旋芯管上。套 在电缆端头上，定位在半导电层切口与绝缘层交界处，抽出芯管。它收缩后施 加均匀径向压力。
应力锥装好了。现在做端子——用6吨液压压接钳配正确模具，把铜端子压接 在导体上。压两道，90度错开。然后把冷缩绝缘套管套在整个组件上收缩。
After the termination is done, we test for partial discharge and hi-pot. Per IEEE 48, AC withstand test at 35 kV for 5 minutes. Also measure insulation resistance — phase-to-phase and phase-to-ground must be above 5,000 megohms.