光伏性能测试
一、性能测试基础 | Performance Testing Fundamentals
二、PR性能比 | Performance Ratio
三、测量设备 | Measurement Equipment
四、故障与偏差分析 | Fault & Deviation Analysis
PR Test — Performance Ratio Measurement and Analysis
Ye, the plant has been in operation for 30 days. Per the EPC contract, the PR test window is now open. We need a 10-day test with at least 7 clear-sky days. Are you ready?
叶工，电站已运行30天。按EPC合同，PR测试窗口现在打开了。需要10天测 试期，其中至少7个晴天。准备好了吗？
叶工: Yes. The pyranometers, reference cells, and all met station sensors have been calibrated within the last 30 days. The revenue meter is utility-sealed. We're using 1-minute data intervals, filtered per IEC 61724.
是的。辐照度计、参考电池、所有气象站传感器30天内都校过了。关口表 是电网封签的。用1分钟数据间隔，按IEC 61724过滤。
The contract requires PR ≥ 82% calculated monthly for the first year. Let me pull the preliminary data. Analyst, run the PR dashboard for the last 30 days.
合同要求第一年月PR ≥ 82%。我拉一下初步数据。分析员，跑过去30天的 PR仪表板。
数据分析员: Daily PR over the past 30 days: minimum 81.2%, maximum 85.3%, average 83.8%. The system losses — inverter efficiency, wiring losses, transformer losses — are matching the PVsyst model within 0.5%. Soiling is lower than expected — we've had two rain events that cleaned the modules.
过去30天日PR：最低81.2%、最高85.3%、平均83.8%。系统损耗——逆变器 效率、线损、变压器损耗——与PVsyst模型偏差在0.5%以内。污秽比预期低—— 我们经历了两次降雨，清洗了组件。
Any days below the 82% threshold?
有没有低于82%阈值的天数？
叶工: Two days — both were heavily overcast. The low-irradiance days have higher uncertainty in the irradiance measurement, which throws off the PR calculation. That's normal and accepted per IEC 61724 — we can exclude days with daily irradiation below 2 kWh/m².
两天——都是重度阴天。低辐照日的辐照度测量不确定性更高，会拉偏PR计 算。这正常，按IEC 61724可以剔除日辐照量低于2 kWh/m²的天。
OK. Let's run the formal 10-day test. I'll issue the test notice to all parties. If the 10-day PR average is ≥ 82%, the performance guarantee is met.
好。正式跑10天测试。我向各方发测试通知。10天PR均值 ≥ 82%的话，性 能保证达到。
Capacity Test and Underperformance Analysis
叶工，容量测试结果出来了。在并网点，晴天辐照度1,002 W/m²下测到 94.8 MW AC。合同保证STC辐照度下95 MW AC。我们没达标？
不一定——你需要在实测条件上做修正。1,002 W/m²略高于STC。但组件温度 是52°C而非25°C。温度系数是-0.35%/°C，功率折减 = 0.35% × 27°C = 9.45%。这个很显著。
我跑一遍修正。STC修正出力 = 实测出力 × (1,000 / 实测辐照度) × (1 + 温度修正)。94.8 × (1,000 / 1,002) × (1 + 0.0945) = 103.6 MW AC等 效STC。远超95 MW保证值。我们DC侧实际超发了——双面增益比模型高。
好。容量测试通过了。但我担心17号逆变器——它一直比邻居低3-5%的出力。 知道原因吗？
我比对一下 Inv #17 和 #18 的组串电流。（拉数据）Inv #18：全部200 串在8.5到10.2A。#17：195串正常，东侧有5串在3.2到4.8A——低了近60%。 我调出热成像无人机巡检报告……对——那5串被阵列边缘没有修剪的植被部分遮 挡了。好处理——清理灌木就行。