锅炉系统
Boiler Hydrostatic Test — Procedure and Acceptance
潘工，锅炉全部组装完成——所有承压部件焊接完毕、NDE完成并合格。现在 可以做水压试验了。这是化学清洗和蒸汽吹管之前最关键的一次试验。给我讲 一遍试验参数。
这是超临界直流锅炉，过热器出口设计压力30 MPa。水冷壁和过热器段水压 试验取1.5倍设计压力——45 MPa。再热器段单独以1.5倍再热器设计压力6.5 MPa进行试验——即9.75 MPa。
Important details: the test water must be demineralized, temperature at least 21°C but no more than 50°C — too cold risks brittle fracture, too hot affects pressure readings from thermal expansion. The boiler is filled with demineralized water and we're pressurizing with high- pressure test pumps. The pressurization rate is controlled at no more than 0.3 MPa per minute. Calibrated pressure gauges and thermometers are installed at multiple locations — at the drum, superheater outlet, reheater inlet/outlet.
水冷壁/过热器段45 MPa——保压30分钟。保压期间目视检查每道焊缝、每 个管接头、每个联箱连接。允许压降不超过0.1 MPa。（试验后）45.0 MPa全 程30分钟保压——终读数45.0 MPa。零泄漏。所有垫片接头无渗水。所有承压 部件无永久变形。锅炉水压试验合格。
Steam Blowing — Procedure and Target Plate Acceptance
潘工，锅炉酸洗完成、吹管临时管道已安装、靶板已就位。蒸汽吹管的目的是 在接汽轮机之前清除过热器、再热器和主蒸汽管道里的氧化皮、焊渣和施工碎屑。 吹管程序是什么？
用蓄能降压法——交替升压和突然放汽、产生高速汽柱冲刷管壁。锅炉点火 升压到约6 MPa、然后快速打开临时排汽阀。吹管时蒸汽流速至少是最大连续 出力流速的1.2倍以确保清洗效果。动量比——吹管质量流量与MCR质量流量之比 ——须大于1.0、我们目标1.5留裕量。
验收标准基于靶板检验。每次吹管后检查一块置于蒸汽流道中的抛光铜靶板。 靶板上无大于0.5 mm的坑点、且0.5 mm以下的坑点总数少于5个视为洁净。到 目前为止已吹18次——前5块板满是碎屑，但近3块逐步变干净。
After this 19th blow — inspecting under 10× magnification. Zero pits larger than 0.5 mm. Count of pits under 0.5 mm: 3. That's the second consecutive acceptable plate. The spec requires two consecutive acceptances. Steam blowing is complete. The superheater, reheater, and main steam piping are clean. Ready to connect the turbine.