给水系统
一、水源与取水 | Water Sources & Intake
二、水泵与加压 | Pumps & Pressurization
三、配水系统 | Water Distribution System
四、水质处理 | Water Treatment
五、生活给水与热水 | Domestic Water & Hot Water
Camp Water Supply Design Review — 2,000-Person Construction Camp
Wang Tao, we're reviewing the water supply design for the construction camp — 2,000 workers, 24/7 operation. What's the daily water demand we're designing for?
王涛，我们在审查施工营地的给水设计——2000名工人、24/7运行。 我们按多少日用水量来设计的？
Based on international standards for construction camps, we're designing for 150 liters per person per day — that includes drinking, cooking, showers, laundry. Total daily demand: 300 cubic meters. With a 1.5 peak factor, the system must handle 18.75 m³/h peak flow.
基于国际施工营地标准，按150升/人/天设计——包括饮用、烹饪、淋浴、 洗衣。总日需求：300立方米。峰值系数1.5，系统需处理18.75 m³/h 峰值流量。
Where's the water source? The nearest municipal connection is 8 kilometers away.
水源在哪？最近的市政接水点8公里远。
We'll drill two boreholes — each capable of 15 m³/h. One duty, one standby. The groundwater quality analysis shows the water is hard but otherwise clean — no contaminants above WHO limits. We'll use a treatment skid: sand filter → activated carbon → water softener → UV disinfection → chlorine dosing for residual protection.
我们打两口深井——每口15 m³/h能力。一用一备。地下水水质分析显示 水硬但其它干净——无超过WHO限值的污染物。用一套处理撬装：砂滤→ 活性炭→软水器→紫外线消毒→加氯保持余氯。
What about storage? If both boreholes go down, how long can the camp run on stored water?
储存呢？如果两口井都停了，营地靠存储水能撑多久？
Two ground-level storage tanks — each 200 m³, total 400 m³. That gives 32 hours of storage at average demand and about 21 hours at peak demand. Plus we have a 50 m³ elevated tank for gravity pressure to the distribution network. The ground tanks are filled by the borehole pumps, then booster pumps send the water to the elevated tank and directly to the distribution system.
两个地面储水罐——每个200 m³、共400 m³。按平均需求可存储32小时、 峰值需求约21小时。外加一个50 m³高位水箱给配水管网重力压力。地面 水罐由深井泵补水、然后增压泵送至高位水箱并直供配水系统。
VFD Constant Pressure System Commissioning
Ahmed, we're commissioning the booster pump station for the camp water supply. Three pumps — each 7.5 kW with VFD drives. The control objective: maintain 3.5 bar in the distribution header regardless of demand. When demand is low — like at 2 AM — one pump at low speed should suffice. During the morning peak, all three might be needed. Let's test the VFD control logic.
Ahmed，我们在调营地供水的增压泵站。三台泵——每台7.5 kW配VFD 驱动。控制目标：无论用水量如何，维持配水母管3.5 bar压力。低用水 时——比如凌晨2点——一台泵低速就够了。早上峰值时可能需要三台全开。 我们测试VFD控制逻辑。
I've configured the PID pressure controller in the pump controller. Setpoint: 3.5 bar. The VFD receives a 4-20 mA speed signal from the controller. As pressure drops, the VFD speeds up. If the first pump reaches 50 Hz and pressure is still below setpoint, the controller starts the second pump and balances the load.
我在泵控制器里配好了PID压力控制器。设定值：3.5 bar。VFD接收 控制器4-20 mA转速信号。压力下降时VFD加速。如果第一台泵达到50 Hz 压力仍低于设定值，控制器启动第二台泵并平衡负载。
Can we simulate a demand change? Open a hydrant on the far end of the distribution system to create a pressure drop.
能模拟需求变化吗？在配水系统远端开消防栓制造压力降。
Good idea. Ahmed, start with one pump in auto. Rosa, open the hydrant slowly.
好主意。Ahmed，一台泵自动模式启动。Rosa，慢慢开消防栓。
Pressure was 3.5 bar... dropping to 3.2 bar... VFD is ramping up — 30 Hz... 40 Hz... 50 Hz. First pump at full speed. Pressure is 3.3 bar — still below setpoint. Controller is starting pump 2... pump 2 online, both running at 35 Hz to share the load. Pressure back to 3.5 bar. System is working perfectly!
压力本来3.5 bar……降到3.2 bar……VFD在加速——30 Hz……40 Hz…… 50 Hz。第一台泵全速。压力3.3 bar——仍低于设定值。控制器启动泵2…… 泵2上线、两者35 Hz均载。压力回到3.5 bar。系统完美运行！