一、HVAC系统概述 | HVAC System Overview
暖通空调— HVAC (Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning) —/ˈeɪtʃ ˈvæk/
供暖— heating —/ˈhitɪŋ/
通风— ventilation —/ˌvɛntɪˈleɪʃən/
空调— air conditioning —/ɛr kənˈdɪʃənɪŋ/
舒适空调— comfort air conditioning —/ˈkʌmfərt ɛr kənˈdɪʃənɪŋ/
工艺空调— process air conditioning —/ˈprɑsɛs ɛr kənˈdɪʃənɪŋ/
洁净室— clean room —/klin rum/
恒温恒湿— constant temperature and humidity —/ˈkɑnstənt ˈtɛmpərətʃər ænd hjuˈmɪdəti/
冷负荷— cooling load —/ˈkulɪŋ loʊd/
热负荷— heating load —/ˈhitɪŋ loʊd/
显热— sensible heat —/ˈsɛnsəbəl hit/
潜热— latent heat —/ˈleɪtənt hit/
二、冷热源设备 | Heating & Cooling Source Equipment
冷水机组— chiller —/ˈtʃɪlər/
风冷冷水机组— air-cooled chiller —/ɛr kuld ˈtʃɪlər/
水冷冷水机组— water-cooled chiller —/ˈwɔtər kuld ˈtʃɪlər/
热泵— heat pump —/hit pʌmp/
地源热泵— ground source heat pump; geothermal heat pump —/ɡraʊnd sɔrs hit pʌmp/
锅炉— boiler —/ˈbɔɪlər/
冷却塔— cooling tower —/ˈkulɪŋ ˈtaʊər/
空气处理机组— AHU (Air Handling Unit) —/ˈeɪ ˈeɪtʃ ˈju/
风机盘管— FCU (Fan Coil Unit) —/ˈɛf ˈsi ˈju/
变风量末端— VAV box (Variable Air Volume) —/ˈvi ˈeɪ ˈvi bɑks/
新风机组— fresh air unit; makeup air unit —/frɛʃ ɛr ˈjunɪt/
三、风系统 | Air Distribution System
风管— duct; air duct —/dʌkt/; /ɛr dʌkt/
送风— supply air —/səˈplaɪ ɛr/
回风— return air —/rɪˈtɜrn ɛr/
新风— fresh air; outdoor air —/frɛʃ ɛr/; /ˈaʊtˌdɔr ɛr/
排风— exhaust air —/ɪɡˈzɔst ɛr/
风量— air volume; airflow —/ɛr ˈvɑljum/; /ˈɛrˌfloʊ/
风口— air diffuser; grille —/ɛr dɪˈfjuzər/; /ɡrɪl/
散流器— diffuser —/dɪˈfjuzər/
风阀— damper —/ˈdæmpər/
防火阀— fire damper —/faɪr ˈdæmpər/
止回阀— backdraft damper —/ˈbækˌdræft ˈdæmpər/
消声器— duct silencer —/dʌkt ˈsaɪlənsər/
过滤器— air filter —/ɛr ˈfɪltər/
四、水系统 | Hydronic System
冷冻水— chilled water —/tʃɪld ˈwɔtər/
冷却水— cooling water; condenser water —/ˈkulɪŋ ˈwɔtər/
热水— hot water; heating water —/hɑt ˈwɔtər/
供水管— supply pipe —/səˈplaɪ paɪp/
回水管— return pipe —/rɪˈtɜrn paɪp/
膨胀水箱— expansion tank —/ɪkˈspænʃən tæŋk/
补水— makeup water —/ˈmeɪkˌʌp ˈwɔtər/
水处理— water treatment —/ˈwɔtər ˈtritmənt/
水泵— pump —/pʌmp/
分水器— supply header —/səˈplaɪ ˈhɛdər/
集水器— return header —/rɪˈtɜrn ˈhɛdər/
电动调节阀— motorized control valve —/ˈmoʊtəˌraɪzd kənˈtroʊl vælv/
动态平衡阀— PICV (Pressure Independent Control Valve) —/ˈpi ˈaɪ ˈsi ˈvi/
五、HVAC自控 | HVAC Controls
温控器— thermostat —/ˈθɜrməˌstæt/
湿度传感器— humidity sensor —/hjuˈmɪdəti ˈsɛnsər/
CO₂传感器— CO₂ sensor —/ˈsi ˈoʊ ˈtu ˈsɛnsər/
压差传感器— differential pressure sensor —/ˌdɪfəˈrɛnʃəl ˈprɛʃər ˈsɛnsər/
变频驱动— VFD (Variable Frequency Drive) —/ˈvi ˈɛf ˈdi/
DDC控制器— DDC (Direct Digital Control) —/ˈdi ˈdi ˈsi/
楼宇自控— BAS (Building Automation System) —/bæs/
控制策略— control strategy —/kənˈtroʊl ˈstrætədʒi/
节能模式— energy-saving mode —/ˈɛnərdʒi ˈseɪvɪŋ moʊd/
需求控制通风— DCV (Demand-Controlled Ventilation) —/ˈdi ˈsi ˈvi/
焓值控制— enthalpy control —/ˈɛnθælpi kənˈtroʊl/
HVAC System Selection — Office Tower
FrankDaniel, we have a 30-story office tower — 45,000 m² of conditioned space. We need cooling, heating, and fresh air. What HVAC system do you recommend and why?
Daniel，我们是一栋30层办公楼——45,000㎡空调面积。需要制冷、供暖 和新风。你推荐什么HVAC系统，为什么？
DanielI've evaluated three options. Option 1: VAV — Variable Air Volume system with a central AHU per floor, served by water-cooled chillers and gas boilers. Option 2: VRF — Variable Refrigerant Flow with heat recovery. Option 3: chilled beam system. For this building, I recommend the VAV system. Here's why: VAV is the most cost-effective for large floor plates — the central AHUs are efficient, and the VAV boxes give individual zone control. The air distribution handles both cooling and ventilation in one system. VRF is great for smaller buildings but gets complex and expensive at this scale with refrigerant piping limitations. Chilled beams are energy-efficient but require very tight humidity control and are less forgiving in tropical climates.
我评估了三个方案。方案1：VAV变风量系统、每层一台组合式空调箱、 由水冷冷水机组和燃气锅炉供应。方案2：VRF变制冷剂流量配热回收。 方案3：冷梁系统。对这栋楼，我推荐VAV。原因：VAV对大面积楼层最 经济——集中空调箱效率高、VAV末端提供各区域独立控制。送风系统一次 搞定制冷和通风。VRF对小型建筑很好但在这种规模受制冷剂管长限制 会变得复杂昂贵。冷梁节能但要求极严格的湿度控制，在热带气候适应性 较差。
JenniferWhat about the ceiling space? VAV needs large ducts — that affects our floor-to-floor height.
吊顶空间呢？VAV需要大风管——影响层高。
DanielWe can use medium-pressure ductwork — rectangular ducts at 300 mm height fit within a 450 mm ceiling void, which your architectural plans already provide. I've checked.
我们可以用中压风管——300 mm高的矩形风管在450 mm吊顶空间内装得 下，你们建筑图已经预留了。我核实过了。