一、结构体系 | Structural Systems
框架结构— frame structure —/freɪm ˈstrʌktʃər/
剪力墙结构— shear wall structure —/ʃɪr wɔl ˈstrʌktʃər/
框架-剪力墙— frame-shear wall —/freɪm ʃɪr wɔl/
框筒结构— framed tube —/freɪmd tub/
筒中筒— tube-in-tube —/tub ɪn tub/
巨型结构— mega structure; megaframe —/ˈmɛɡə ˈstrʌktʃər/
钢结构— steel structure —/stil ˈstrʌktʃər/
混凝土结构— concrete structure —/ˈkɑnkrit ˈstrʌktʃər/
钢-混凝土组合— composite steel-concrete —/kəmˈpɑzɪt stil ˈkɑnkrit/
空间结构— spatial structure —/ˈspeɪʃəl ˈstrʌktʃər/
网架— space frame; space truss —/speɪs freɪm/
网壳— latticed shell; reticulated shell —/ˈlætɪst ʃɛl/
桁架— truss —/trʌs/
悬索结构— cable structure —/ˈkeɪbəl ˈstrʌktʃər/
膜结构— membrane structure —/ˈmɛmbreɪn ˈstrʌktʃər/
二、钢结构工程 | Steel Structure Engineering
钢结构— steel structure —/stil ˈstrʌktʃər/
钢柱— steel column —/stil ˈkɑləm/
箱型柱— box column —/bɑks ˈkɑləm/
圆管柱— CHS column (Circular Hollow Section) —/ˈsi ˈeɪtʃ ˈɛs/
H型钢柱— H-section column —/ˈeɪtʃ ˈsɛkʃən/
钢梁— steel beam —/stil bim/
组合楼板— composite deck; composite slab —/kəmˈpɑzɪt dɛk/
压型钢板— profiled steel sheet; decking —/proʊˈfaɪld stil ʃit/
栓钉— shear stud —/ʃɪr stʌd/
节点— connection; joint —/kəˈnɛkʃən/; /dʒɔɪnt/
刚接— rigid connection; moment connection —/ˈrɪdʒɪd kəˈnɛkʃən/
铰接— pinned connection; simple connection —/pɪnd kəˈnɛkʃən/
半刚接— semi-rigid connection —/ˈsɛmi ˈrɪdʒɪd/
焊接— welding —/ˈwɛldɪŋ/
螺栓连接— bolted connection —/ˈboʊltɪd kəˈnɛkʃən/
高强螺栓— HSFG bolt (High Strength Friction Grip) —/ˈeɪtʃ ˈɛs ˈɛf ˈdʒi/
预拉力— pretension —/priˈtɛnʃən/
加劲肋— stiffener; stiffening rib —/ˈstɪfənər/
柱脚— column base; base plate —/ˈkɑləm beɪs/
地脚螺栓— anchor bolt; holding-down bolt —/ˈæŋkər boʊlt/
三、混凝土结构工程 | Concrete Structure Engineering
混凝土— concrete —/ˈkɑnkrit/
钢筋混凝土— RC (Reinforced Concrete) —/ˈɑr ˈsi/
预应力— prestressing —/priˈstrɛsɪŋ/
先张法— pretensioning —/priˈtɛnʃənɪŋ/
后张法— post-tensioning —/poʊst ˈtɛnʃənɪŋ/
预应力筋— tendon; prestressing strand —/ˈtɛndən/
钢筋— rebar —/ˈriˌbɑr/
主筋— main reinforcement; longitudinal bar —/meɪn ˌriɪnˈfɔrsmənt/
箍筋— stirrup; link —/ˈstɜrəp/; /lɪŋk/
保护层— concrete cover —/ˈkɑnkrit ˈkʌvər/
配筋率— reinforcement ratio —/ˌriɪnˈfɔrsmənt ˈreɪʃoʊ/
裂缝— crack —/kræk/
裂缝宽度— crack width —/kræk wɪdθ/
挠度— deflection —/dɪˈflɛkʃən/
徐变— creep —/krip/
收缩— shrinkage —/ˈʃrɪŋkɪdʒ/
碳化— carbonation —/ˌkɑrbəˈneɪʃən/
氯离子侵蚀— chloride attack —/ˈklɔraɪd əˈtæk/
耐久性— durability —/ˌdʊrəˈbɪləti/
四、抗震设计 | Seismic Design
地震— earthquake; seismic —/ˈɜrθˌkweɪk/; /ˈsaɪzmɪk/
抗震设计— seismic design —/ˈsaɪzmɪk dɪˈzaɪn/
设防烈度— seismic fortification intensity —/ˈsaɪzmɪk ˌfɔrtɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/
抗震等级— seismic design category —/ˈsaɪzmɪk dɪˈzaɪn ˈkætəˌɡɔri/
延性— ductility —/dʌkˈtɪləti/
强柱弱梁— strong column-weak beam —/strɔŋ ˈkɑləm wik bim/
耗能— energy dissipation —/ˈɛnərdʒi ˌdɪsɪˈpeɪʃən/
阻尼器— damper —/ˈdæmpər/
隔震支座— seismic isolator; base isolator —/ˈsaɪzmɪk ˈaɪsəˌleɪtər/
屈曲约束支撑— BRB (Buckling Restrained Brace) —/ˈbi ˈɑr ˈbi/
反应谱— response spectrum —/rɪˈspɑns ˈspɛktrəm/
时程分析— time-history analysis —/taɪm ˈhɪstəri əˈnæləsɪs/
Pushover分析— pushover analysis —/ˈpʊʃˌoʊvər əˈnæləsɪs/
层间位移角— story drift ratio —/ˈstɔri drɪft ˈreɪʃoʊ/
弹塑性— elasto-plastic —/ɪˈlæstoʊ ˈplæstɪk/
五、结构检测与加固 | Structural Inspection & Strengthening
结构检测— structural inspection —/ˈstrʌktʃərəl ɪnˈspɛkʃən/
无损检测— NDT (Non-Destructive Testing) —/ˈɛn ˈdi ˈti/
回弹法— rebound hammer test —/ˈriˌbaʊnd ˈhæmər/
超声波— ultrasonic testing —/ˌʌltrəˈsɑnɪk/
钻芯取样— core drilling; core sampling —/kɔr ˈdrɪlɪŋ/
碳纤维加固— CFRP strengthening —/ˈsi ˈɛf ˈɑr ˈpi/
粘钢加固— bonded steel plate —/ˈbɑndɪd stil pleɪt/
增大截面— section enlargement —/ˈsɛkʃən ɪnˈlɑrdʒmənt/
体外预应力— external post-tensioning —/ɪkˈstɜrnəl poʊst ˈtɛnʃənɪŋ/
结构鉴定— structural assessment —/ˈstrʌktʃərəl əˈsɛsmənt/
承载能力— load-bearing capacity —/loʊd ˈbɛrɪŋ kəˈpæsəti/
结构加固— structural strengthening; retrofit —/ˈstrʌktʃərəl ˈstrɛŋθənɪŋ/
Seismic Peer Review — 250m High-Rise with Outrigger System
Dr. LiDavid, your 250-meter tower exceeds the code limits for both height and irregularity — this is an out-of-code high-rise that requires a special seismic peer review. Walk us through the structural system and your seismic performance objectives.
David，你们250m塔楼在高度和不规则性上都超限了——这是需要抗震专项 审查的超限高层。给我们讲讲结构体系和抗震性能目标。
DavidOur structural system is a concrete core with steel outrigger trusses at levels 25 and 50, connected to perimeter megaframe columns. The outriggers engage the perimeter columns in resisting overturning moment, which reduces the core wall demand by about 35%. The building is in a high-seismicity zone — PGA of 0.30g for the design basis earthquake and 0.51g for the maximum considered earthquake. Our performance objectives: operational under frequent earthquake (63-year return), immediate occupancy under design basis earthquake (475-year), and collapse prevention under MCE (2,475-year).
我们的结构体系是混凝土核心筒加25层和50层的钢伸臂桁架、连接外围 巨型框架柱。伸臂桁架让外围柱参与抵抗倾覆弯矩、核心筒墙需求降低约 35%。建筑在高烈度区——设计地震PGA 0.30g、罕遇地震0.51g。性能目标: 多遇地震(63年)正常使用、设防地震(475年)立即使用、罕遇地震(2,475年) 防止倒塌。
DavidProf. Chen: Let me see your nonlinear time-history analysis results. What's the maximum story drift under MCE?
让我看看弹塑性时程分析结果。罕遇地震下层间位移角最大值多少？
ElenaWe ran seven ground motion pairs, scaled to the MCE spectrum. The maximum story drift is 1/105 — that's at level 42, where the outrigger stiffness changes. It's within the 1/100 code limit for frame-core wall structures. The core wall compression strain reaches 0.0032 — below the 0.0035 limit for concrete. The outrigger truss members remain elastic under DBE and yield under MCE — exactly the behavior we designed for. The BRB outrigger diagonals act as structural fuses — they dissipate energy through yielding while protecting the core.
我们跑了七组地震动、调到罕遇地震反应谱。层间位移角最大值1/105—— 在42层位置、伸臂刚度变化处。在框架-核心筒结构1/100限值内。核心筒 混凝土压应变0.0032——低于混凝土0.0035限值。伸臂桁架构件在设防地震 下保持弹性、罕遇地震下屈服——正是我们设计的行为。BRB伸臂斜杆充当 结构保险丝——通过屈服耗能同时保护核心筒。
Dr. LiGood. One concern: the outrigger connection to the core — that's a force concentration zone. How did you verify the connection capacity?
好。一个关注点:伸臂与核心筒的连接——那是力集中区。你们怎么验证 连接承载力的？
DavidWe did a detailed FE analysis of the connection region with solid elements, applying the maximum forces from the global model. The steel embedment in the concrete core extends two floors above and below the outrigger. We also specified post-tensioning tendons in the core walls at the outrigger levels to keep the concrete in compression under the outrigger tension forces. And we're requiring full-scale connection testing at the fabricator's yard before installation — two specimens, tested to 1.5 times the maximum calculated force.
我们用实体单元做了连接区域的精细化FE分析、施加整体模型最大内力。 钢埋件在核心筒内延伸伸臂以上和以下各两层。还在伸臂层核心筒设置了 后张预应力筋、保持伸臂拉力下混凝土受压。而且要求在工厂做足尺连接 试验——两个试件、试验到最大计算力的1.5倍。