一、BIM基础 | BIM Fundamentals
建筑信息模型— Building Information Modeling (BIM) —/ˈbɪldɪŋ ˌɪnfərˈmeɪʃən ˈmɑdəlɪŋ/
三维模型— 3D model —/θri ˈdi ˈmɑdəl/
四维（时间）— 4D (schedule integration) —/fɔr ˈdi/
五维（成本）— 5D (cost integration) —/faɪv ˈdi/
六维（运维）— 6D (facility management) —/sɪks ˈdi/
七维（可持续）— 7D (sustainability) —/ˈsɛvən ˈdi/
模型精度— Level of Development (LOD) —/ˈlɛvəl əv dɪˈvɛləpmənt/
LOD 100-500— LOD 100 (conceptual) to LOD 500 (as-built) —/lɑd wʌn ˈhʌndrəd tu lɑd faɪv ˈhʌndrəd/
参数化建模— parametric modeling —/ˌpærəˈmɛtrɪk ˈmɑdəlɪŋ/
族— family —/ˈfæməli/
构件— component —/kəmˈpoʊnənt/
信息模型— information model —/ˌɪnfərˈmeɪʃən ˈmɑdəl/
可交付成果— deliverable —/dɪˈlɪvərəbəl/
二、BIM软件与平台 | BIM Software & Platforms
Revit— Autodesk Revit —/ˈrɛvɪt/
Navisworks— Autodesk Navisworks —/ˈnævɪsˌwɜrks/
Tekla— Tekla Structures (steel/concrete detailing) —/ˈtɛklə/
ArchiCAD— Graphisoft ArchiCAD —/ˈɑrkɪˌkæd/
BIM 360— Autodesk BIM 360 (cloud collaboration) —/bɪm θri ˈsɪksti/
协同平台— collaboration platform; common data environment (CDE) —/kəˌlæbəˈreɪʃən ˈplætˌfɔrm/
冲突检测— clash detection —/klæʃ dɪˈtɛkʃən/
碰撞报告— clash report —/klæʃ rɪˈpɔrt/
硬碰撞— hard clash —/hɑrd klæʃ/
软碰撞— soft clash; clearance clash —/sɔft klæʃ/
IFC标准— Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) —/ˈaɪ ˈɛf ˈsi/
BIM执行计划— BIM execution plan (BEP) —/bɪm ˌɛksɪˈkjuʃən plæn/
三、BIM应用流程 | BIM Workflows
设计协同— design coordination —/dɪˈzaɪn koʊˌɔrdɪˈneɪʃən/
多专业协调— multi-discipline coordination —/ˈmʌlti ˈdɪsəplɪn koʊˌɔrdɪˈneɪʃən/
综合管线— MEP coordination; services coordination —/ˌɛm ˈi ˈpi koʊˌɔrdɪˈneɪʃən/
模型审查— model review —/ˈmɑdəl rɪˈvju/
施工模拟— construction simulation —/kənˈstrʌkʃən ˌsɪmjəˈleɪʃən/
4D进度模拟— 4D scheduling simulation —/fɔr ˈdi ˈskɛdʒʊlɪŋ ˌsɪmjəˈleɪʃən/
工程量提取— quantity takeoff (QTO) —/ˈkwɑntəti ˈteɪkˌɔf/
数字化加工— digital fabrication —/ˈdɪdʒɪtəl ˌfæbrɪˈkeɪʃən/
预制— prefabrication —/priˌfæbrɪˈkeɪʃən/
竣工模型— as-built model —/æz bɪlt ˈmɑdəl/
模型移交— model handover —/ˈmɑdəl ˈhændˌoʊvər/
数字竣工— digital as-built —/ˈdɪdʒɪtəl æz bɪlt/
四、BIM标准与规范 | BIM Standards & Specifications
ISO 19650— ISO 19650 (BIM information management) —/ˈaɪ ˈɛs ˈoʊ ˌnaɪnˈtin ˈsɪksti ˈfɪfti/
英国BIM标准— UK BIM Framework; PAS 1192 —/ju ˈkeɪ bɪm ˈfreɪmˌwɜrk/
业主信息需求— employer's information requirements (EIR) —/ɪmˈplɔɪərz ˌɪnfərˈmeɪʃən rɪˈkwaɪərmənts/
信息交付计划— information delivery plan —/ˌɪnfərˈmeɪʃən dɪˈlɪvəri plæn/
命名规范— naming convention —/ˈneɪmɪŋ kənˈvɛnʃən/
模型拆分— model splitting —/ˈmɑdəl ˈsplɪtɪŋ/
原点坐标— project base point —/ˈprɑdʒɛkt beɪs pɔɪnt/
模型坐标系— coordinate system —/koʊˈɔrdɪneɪt ˈsɪstəm/
资产信息模型— asset information model (AIM) —/ˈæsɛt ˌɪnfərˈmeɪʃən ˈmɑdəl/
项目信息模型— project information model (PIM) —/ˈprɑdʒɛkt ˌɪnfərˈmeɪʃən ˈmɑdəl/
信息管理— information management —/ˌɪnfərˈmeɪʃən ˈmænɪdʒmənt/
模型审核— model audit —/ˈmɑdəl ˈɔdɪt/
五、BIM在EPC项目中的应用 | BIM in EPC Projects
BIM到现场— BIM-to-field —/bɪm tu fild/
增强现实— augmented reality (AR) —/ɔgˈmɛntɪd riˈæləti/
虚拟现实— virtual reality (VR) —/ˈvɜrtʃuəl riˈæləti/
视线分析— line-of-sight analysis —/laɪn əv saɪt əˈnæləsɪs/
进度追踪— progress tracking —/ˈprɑgrɛs ˈtrækɪŋ/
激光扫描— laser scanning; LiDAR —/ˈleɪzər ˈskænɪŋ/; /ˈlaɪdɑr/
点云— point cloud —/pɔɪnt klaʊd/
实景建模— reality capture —/riˈæləti ˈkæptʃər/
设计管理— design management —/dɪˈzaɪn ˈmænɪdʒmənt/
成本控制— cost control through BIM —/kɔst kənˈtroʊl/
变更管理— change management —/tʃeɪndʒ ˈmænɪdʒmənt/
设施管理— facility management (FM) —/fəˈsɪləti ˈmænɪdʒmənt/
Characters: BIM Coordinator (BIM协调员 BC) / MEP Design Lead (MEP设计主管 ML) · Characters: Project Controls Manager (控制经理 PC) / BIM Engineer (BIM工程师 BE)
BCI've run the clash detection on the combined services model for the turbine hall. Navisworks found 247 clashes — 83 are hard clashes that need immediate resolution, the rest are soft clearance issues.
汽机房综合管线模型碰撞检测跑完了。Navisworks发现247个碰撞——83个是硬碰撞 需立即解决，其余是软碰撞间距问题。
MLLet's focus on the hard clashes first. Can you isolate them by system?
先看硬碰撞。能按系统隔离显示吗？
BCYes. The biggest cluster is the HVAC ductwork versus the cable trays — 42 clashes, mostly at the high-level intersections near gridlines E-F. Second biggest is the fire sprinkler piping versus the structural bracing — 19 clashes. And there are 12 clashes between plumbing and electrical conduit. I've exported the clash report with screenshots and gridline references.
可以。最大的簇是HVAC风管vs电缆桥架——42个碰撞，主要在E-F轴高处交叉。 第二是消防喷淋管vs结构斜撑——19个。还有12个管道vs电气线管。已导出碰撞报告 附截图和轴线参照。
MLFor the HVAC-cable tray clashes, our standard resolution is to raise the cable tray above the duct — that's usually the cheaper fix. But we need to check the ceiling height constraint. Send me the 42 clash screenshots and I'll mark up solutions for each by tomorrow. For the sprinkler-structure clashes, that's a structural design issue — let's flag it in the weekly BIM coordination meeting with the structural engineer on Thursday.
HVAC-桥架碰撞，标准解是桥架上移——通常更便宜。但需核查吊顶高度限制。把42个 碰撞截图发我，明天逐一标注解法。喷淋-结构碰撞属于结构设计问题——周四BIM协调会 上跟结构工程师一起解决。
PCWe need to present the 4D construction sequence to the client next week. They want to see the planned vs. actual progress simulation for the substation package. Is the model linked to the Primavera schedule?
下周要给业主展示4D施工顺序。他们想看变电站包的计划vs实际进度模拟。模型和 Primavera计划关联了吗？
BEYes, the model is linked — each component has a WBS code that maps to the Primavera activities. I've built the baseline simulation showing the planned sequence from foundation to roof. Now I'm overlaying the actual progress data. Green means completed on time, red means behind schedule, yellow means in progress.
联了——每个构件都有WBS编码对应Primavera作业。已建基线模拟展示从基础到屋顶 的计划顺序。现在正叠加实际进度。绿色按时完成、红色滞后、黄色进行中。
PCShow me the critical area — the transformer foundation and the control building. Those are the two packages that have been causing the most concern.
给我看关键区域——变压器基础和控制楼。这两个包一直最令人担忧。
BEHere's the transformer foundation. As you can see, the rebar and formwork went green, but the concrete pour shows red — it was poured 8 days late. The knock-on effect is that the transformer delivery sitting in the laydown yard is now waiting for the foundation to cure. This is exactly the kind of visualization that helps the client understand why we need to resequence. I can also simulate the proposed recovery plan — showing how if we start the cable trenching in parallel instead of sequentially, we can pull back 5 days.
这就是变压器基础。可以看到钢筋和模板绿了，但混凝土浇筑红色——晚了8天浇。 连锁反应是已到堆场的变压器现在等基础养护。这种可视化正好帮业主理解为什么 需要调序。我还能模拟赶工方案——展示如果电缆沟开挖并行而非顺序做，能追回5天。