一、手动工具 | Hand Tools
扳手— wrench —/rɛntʃ/
活动扳手— adjustable wrench; crescent wrench —/əˈdʒʌstəbəl rɛntʃ/; /ˈkrɛsənt rɛntʃ/
套筒扳手— socket wrench —/ˈsɑkɪt rɛntʃ/
梅花扳手— box-end wrench —/ˈbɑks ɛnd rɛntʃ/
开口扳手— open-end wrench —/ˈoʊpən ɛnd rɛntʃ/
扭矩扳手— torque wrench —/tɔrk rɛntʃ/
螺丝刀— screwdriver —/ˈskruˌdraɪvər/
十字螺丝刀— Phillips screwdriver —/ˈfɪlɪps ˈskruˌdraɪvər/
一字螺丝刀— flathead screwdriver —/ˈflætˌhɛd ˈskruˌdraɪvər/
锤子— hammer —/ˈhæmər/
大锤— sledgehammer —/ˈslɛdʒˌhæmər/
橡皮锤— rubber mallet —/ˈrʌbər ˈmælɪt/
钳子— pliers —/ˈplaɪərz/
尖嘴钳— needle-nose pliers —/ˈnidəl noʊz ˈplaɪərz/
老虎钳— locking pliers; vise-grip —/ˈlɑkɪŋ ˈplaɪərz/; /vaɪs ɡrɪp/
管钳— pipe wrench —/paɪp rɛntʃ/
断线钳— bolt cutter —/boʊlt ˈkʌtər/
钢锯— hacksaw —/ˈhækˌsɔ/
手锯— handsaw —/ˈhændˌsɔ/
锉刀— file —/faɪl/
凿子— chisel —/ˈtʃɪzəl/
撬棍— crowbar; pry bar —/ˈkroʊbɑr/; /praɪ bɑr/
卷尺— tape measure —/teɪp ˈmɛʒər/
水平尺— level; spirit level —/ˈlɛvəl/; /ˈspɪrɪt ˈlɛvəl/
直角尺— framing square; carpenter's square —/ˈfreɪmɪŋ skwɛr/
手电钻— hand drill; power drill —/hænd drɪl/; /ˈpaʊər drɪl/
角磨机— angle grinder —/ˈæŋɡəl ˈɡraɪndər/
电锤— rotary hammer drill —/ˈroʊtəri ˈhæmər drɪl/
冲击钻— hammer drill —/ˈhæmər drɪl/
电动扳手— impact wrench —/ˈɪmpækt rɛntʃ/
铆枪— rivet gun —/ˈrɪvɪt ɡʌn/
打钉枪— nail gun —/neɪl ɡʌn/
二、测量与检测仪器 | Measuring & Testing Instruments
万用表— multimeter —/ˈmʌltɪˌmitər/
钳形表— clamp meter —/klæmp ˈmitər/
兆欧表— megohmmeter; megger —/ˈmɛɡoʊmˌmitər/; /ˈmɛɡər/
接地电阻测试仪— ground resistance tester —/ɡraʊnd rɪˈzɪstəns ˈtɛstər/
红外测温仪— infrared thermometer —/ˌɪnfrəˈrɛd θərˈmɑmətər/
热像仪— thermal imaging camera —/ˈθɜrməl ˈɪmɪdʒɪŋ ˈkæmərə/
激光测距仪— laser distance meter —/ˈleɪzər ˈdɪstəns ˈmitər/
全站仪— total station —/ˈtoʊtəl ˈsteɪʃən/
水准仪— level; auto-level —/ˈlɛvəl/; /ˈɔtoʊ ˌlɛvəl/
经纬仪— theodolite —/θiˈɑdəˌlaɪt/
GPS接收器— GPS receiver —/ˈdʒi ˈpi ˈɛs rɪˈsivər/
超声波测厚仪— ultrasonic thickness gauge —/ˌʌltrəˈsɑnɪk ˈθɪknɪs ɡeɪdʒ/
涂层测厚仪— coating thickness gauge —/ˈkoʊtɪŋ ˈθɪknɪs ɡeɪdʒ/
硬度计— hardness tester —/ˈhɑrdnɪs ˈtɛstər/
回弹仪— rebound hammer; Schmidt hammer —/ˈriˌbaʊnd ˈhæmər/
卡尺— caliper —/ˈkælɪpər/
千分尺— micrometer —/maɪˈkrɑmətər/
塞尺— feeler gauge —/ˈfilər ɡeɪdʒ/
压力表— pressure gauge —/ˈprɛʃər ɡeɪdʒ/
流量计— flow meter —/floʊ ˈmitər/
温度计— thermometer —/θərˈmɑmətər/
湿度计— hygrometer; humidity meter —/haɪˈɡrɑmətər/
风速计— anemometer —/ˌænɪˈmɑmətər/
振动计— vibration meter —/vaɪˈbreɪʃən ˈmitər/
声级计— sound level meter —/saʊnd ˈlɛvəl ˈmitər/
三、土方与压实设备 | Earthmoving & Compaction Equipment
挖掘机— excavator; track hoe —/ˈɛkskəˌveɪtər/; /træk hoʊ/
反铲挖掘机— backhoe —/ˈbækˌhoʊ/
推土机— bulldozer —/ˈbʊlˌdoʊzər/
装载机— loader; front-end loader —/ˈloʊdər/
滑移装载机— skid-steer loader —/skɪd stɪr ˈloʊdər/
平地机— grader; motor grader —/ˈɡreɪdər/
铲运机— scraper —/ˈskreɪpər/
压路机— roller; compactor —/ˈroʊlər/; /kəmˈpæktər/
振动压路机— vibratory roller —/ˈvaɪbrəˌtɔri ˈroʊlər/
羊脚碾— sheepfoot roller —/ˈʃipˌfʊt ˈroʊlər/
打夯机— tamper; rammer —/ˈtæmpər/; /ˈræmər/
平板夯— plate compactor —/pleɪt kəmˈpæktər/
自卸车— dump truck —/dʌmp trʌk/
铰接式卡车— articulated dump truck —/ɑrˈtɪkjəˌleɪtɪd dʌmp trʌk/
平地机— motor grader —/ˈmoʊtər ˈɡreɪdər/
开沟机— trencher —/ˈtrɛntʃər/
四、起重与吊装设备 | Lifting & Hoisting Equipment
起重机— crane —/kreɪn/
履带起重机— crawler crane —/ˈkrɔlər kreɪn/
汽车起重机— mobile crane; truck crane —/ˈmoʊbəl kreɪn/; /trʌk kreɪn/
塔式起重机— tower crane —/ˈtaʊər kreɪn/
桥式起重机— overhead crane; bridge crane —/ˌoʊvərˈhɛd kreɪn/; /brɪdʒ kreɪn/
门式起重机— gantry crane —/ˈɡæntri kreɪn/
汽车吊— rough-terrain crane —/rʌf ˈtɛreɪn kreɪn/
全地面起重机— all-terrain crane —/ɔl ˈtɛreɪn kreɪn/
叉车— forklift —/ˈfɔrkˌlɪft/
伸缩臂叉车— telehandler —/ˈtɛlɪˌhændlər/
手动葫芦— chain hoist; come-along —/tʃeɪn hɔɪst/; /kʌm əˈlɔŋ/
电动葫芦— electric hoist —/ɪˈlɛktrɪk hɔɪst/
千斤顶— jack —/dʒæk/
液压千斤顶— hydraulic jack —/haɪˈdrɔlɪk dʒæk/
吊索— sling —/slɪŋ/
钢丝绳— wire rope; steel cable —/waɪr roʊp/
吊带— lifting strap; web sling —/ˈlɪftɪŋ stræp/; /wɛb slɪŋ/
卸扣— shackle —/ˈʃækəl/
吊钩— hook —/hʊk/
吊梁— spreader bar; lifting beam —/ˈsprɛdər bɑr/; /ˈlɪftɪŋ bim/
五、混凝土设备 | Concrete Equipment
混凝土搅拌站— concrete batching plant —/ˈkɑnkrit ˈbætʃɪŋ plænt/
混凝土搅拌车— concrete mixer truck —/ˈkɑnkrit ˈmɪksər trʌk/
混凝土泵车— concrete pump truck —/ˈkɑnkrit pʌmp trʌk/
混凝土布料杆— placing boom —/ˈpleɪsɪŋ bum/
振捣棒— concrete vibrator; poker vibrator —/ˈkɑnkrit ˈvaɪˌbreɪtər/
平板振捣器— screed vibrator —/skrid ˈvaɪˌbreɪtər/
抹光机— power trowel —/ˈpaʊər ˈtraʊəl/
切割机（混凝土）— concrete saw —/ˈkɑnkrit sɔ/
六、焊接与切割设备 | Welding & Cutting Equipment
焊机— welding machine —/ˈwɛldɪŋ məˈʃin/
手工电弧焊机— stick welder; SMAW machine —/stɪk ˈwɛldər/
氩弧焊机— TIG welder —/tɪɡ ˈwɛldər/
气体保护焊机— MIG welder; GMAW machine —/mɪɡ ˈwɛldər/
埋弧焊机— submerged arc welder —/səbˈmɜrdʒd ɑrk ˈwɛldər/
焊枪— welding torch; welding gun —/ˈwɛldɪŋ tɔrtʃ/; /ˈwɛldɪŋ ɡʌn/
焊钳— electrode holder —/ɪˈlɛkˌtroʊd ˈhoʊldər/
气割— oxy-fuel cutting; gas cutting —/ˈɑksi fjul ˈkʌtɪŋ/
等离子切割— plasma cutting —/ˈplæzmə ˈkʌtɪŋ/
碳弧气刨— carbon arc gouging —/ˈkɑrbən ɑrk ˈɡaʊdʒɪŋ/
七、高空作业与脚手架 | Access Equipment & Scaffolding
脚手架— scaffold; scaffolding —/ˈskæfəld/; /ˈskæfəldɪŋ/
钢管脚手架— tube & coupler scaffold —/tub ænd ˈkʌplər ˈskæfəld/
碗扣式脚手架— cuplock scaffold —/ˈkʌpˌlɑk ˈskæfəld/
盘扣式脚手架— ringlock scaffold —/ˈrɪŋˌlɑk ˈskæfəld/
移动式脚手架— mobile scaffold —/ˈmoʊbəl ˈskæfəld/
高空作业平台— aerial work platform (AWP) —/ˈɛriəl wɜrk ˈplætˌfɔrm/
剪叉式升降机— scissor lift —/ˈsɪzər lɪft/
臂式升降机— boom lift —/bum lɪft/
蜘蛛车— spider lift; tracked platform —/ˈspaɪdər lɪft/
吊篮— suspended platform; gondola —/səˈspɛndɪd ˈplætˌfɔrm/
梯子— ladder —/ˈlædər/
安全网— safety net —/ˈseɪfti nɛt/
八、其它施工设备 | Other Construction Equipment
发电机— generator; genset —/ˈdʒɛnəˌreɪtər/; /ˈdʒɛnˌsɛt/
空压机— air compressor —/ɛr kəmˈprɛsər/
水泵— water pump —/ˈwɔtər pʌmp/
排污泵— sump pump; sewage pump —/sʌmp pʌmp/; /ˈsuɪdʒ pʌmp/
焊条烘干箱— electrode oven —/ɪˈlɛkˌtroʊd ˈʌvən/
热处理设备— heat treatment equipment —/hit ˈtritmənt ɪˈkwɪpmənt/
喷砂机— sandblasting machine —/ˈsændˌblæstɪŋ məˈʃin/
喷涂机— spray painting machine —/spreɪ ˈpeɪntɪŋ məˈʃin/
钢筋弯曲机— rebar bender —/ˈriˌbɑr ˈbɛndər/
钢筋切断机— rebar cutter —/ˈriˌbɑr ˈkʌtər/
钢筋调直机— rebar straightener —/ˈriˌbɑr ˈstreɪtənər/
弯管机— pipe bender —/paɪp ˈbɛndər/
试压泵— hydrostatic test pump —/ˌhaɪdrəˈstætɪk tɛst pʌmp/
通球设备— pigging equipment —/ˈpɪɡɪŋ ɪˈkwɪpmənt/
照明设备— lighting equipment; light tower —/ˈlaɪtɪŋ ɪˈkwɪpmənt/; /laɪt ˈtaʊər/
九、设备管理 | Equipment Management
设备调度— equipment dispatch; mobilization —/ɪˈkwɪpmənt dɪˈspætʃ/
日检— daily inspection; pre-start check —/ˈdeɪli ɪnˈspɛkʃən/
设备台账— equipment register —/ɪˈkwɪpmənt ˈrɛdʒɪstər/
预防性维护— preventive maintenance (PM) —/prɪˈvɛntɪv ˈmeɪntənəns/
故障维修— breakdown maintenance —/ˈbreɪkˌdaʊn ˈmeɪntənəns/
备件— spare part —/spɛr pɑrt/
操作手册— operator's manual —/ˈɑpəˌreɪtərz ˈmænjuəl/
载荷表— load chart —/loʊd tʃɑrt/
工作半径— working radius —/ˈwɜrkɪŋ ˈreɪdiəs/
额定荷载— rated capacity —/ˈreɪtɪd kəˈpæsəti/
安全限位— safety limit switch —/ˈseɪfti ˈlɪmɪt swɪtʃ/
工时— operating hours; engine hours —/ˈɑpəˌreɪtɪŋ aʊərz/
Equipment Yard — Mobilization Check and Dispatch
JohnMa, the crawler crane just arrived on site. Let's do the receiving inspection before we unload it.
马工，履带吊刚到现场了。我们卸车前先做进场检查。
John马工: Got it. This is a 250-ton crawler crane, model CC 2500. Let me pull up the checklist.
收到。这是台250吨履带起重机，CC 2500型号。我调出检查表。
JohnFirst, check the documentation: operator certification, crane inspection certificate, and the most recent load test report.
首先查文件：操作手证书、吊车检验合格证和最近一次载荷测试报告。
JohnOperator — show me your NCCCO card.
操作手——把你的NCCCO证给我看看。
John操作员: Here you go. NCCCO certified for crawler cranes up to 400 tons. Expires June next year. Here's also the annual inspection certificate — passed inspection last month.
给您。NCCCO认证，400吨以下履带起重机。明年6月到期。这是年检合格 证——上个月刚通过检查。
John马工: Good. Now physical inspection. Let's check the tracks: any cracks, excessive wear on the track shoes or pins?
好。现在外观检查。检查履带：履带板或销轴有没有裂纹、过度磨损？
JohnTrack shoes look fine. Drive sprockets are in good condition. Let's check the wire rope on the main hoist.
履带板看着不错。驱动链轮状态良好。检查下主钩钢丝绳。
JohnLook closely. I want to see if there are any broken wires, kinks, or corrosion. Wire rope is a critical safety item.
仔细看。我要看有没有断丝、打结或腐蚀。钢丝绳是安全关键项。
John马工: (inspecting with a cloth) Running the rope through... I count two broken wires in this 6-foot section. Per OSHA, you're allowed 6 broken wires in 6 rope diameters. This rope has 6×19 construction, 1-inch diameter, so 6 diameters = 6 inches.
（用布捋着检查）捋一遍钢丝绳……6英尺长度内我发现两处断丝。按OSHA 规定，6个绳径长度内允许6根断丝。这根是6×19结构，1英寸绳径，所以6个 绳径 = 6英寸。
JohnTwo broken wires in 6 inches is within the limit. Close though — I'll note it and we'll re-inspect next week.
6英寸内两处断丝在允许范围内。不过接近限值——我记下来，下周复查。
JohnOK. Check the load moment indicator (LMI) and anti-two-block device. These have to be functional.
好。查一下力矩限制器和防过卷装置。这些必须能正常工作。
John操作员: Let me start the crane and we'll test the LMI. (starts engine) LMI screen is displaying. I'll run through the test mode... overload alarm is working. Anti-two-block switch is functioning — I just tripped it with the test weight.
我启动吊车来测LMI。（启动发动机）LMI屏幕显示正常。我走一遍测试模 式……过载报警正常。防过卷开关正常——我刚用测试块触发了。
John马工: All checks passed. The crane is cleared for mobilization. I'll issue the green sticker and log it in the equipment register.
所有检查通过。这台吊车可以进场。我发绿色标签并录入设备台账。
JohnWhere do you want to set it up first?
你打算先在哪儿组装？
John马工: We'll assemble at the pre-cast yard for the foundation lift next Monday. Working radius 60 feet, lift weight 18 tons — well within the chart for a 250-ton crane. I need about 2 days for assembly and commissioning.
下周一组装到预制场，吊基础件。工作半径60英尺，吊重18吨——远在250 吨吊车的载荷表范围内。组装加调试大约需要2天。
JohnApproved. Coordinate with the rigging crew. And make sure you have the lift plan approved before the actual lift.
批准。和吊装班组协调好。还有，正式吊装之前确保吊装方案已批准。
Toolbox Talk — Power Tools Safety and Proper Use
MikeMorning, crew. Today's toolbox topic is power tools. We've had two near-misses this month with angle grinders, so let's review the basics.
早上好，各位。今天工具箱早会的主题是电动工具。这个月已经出了两起 角磨机险肇事件，所以我们复习一下基础知识。
MikeXiao Li, what's the first thing you check before using a power tool?
小李，使用电动工具前第一件事检查什么？
Mike小李: Check the tool for damage? Look at the cord, the plug, the switch?
检查工具有没有损坏？看电源线、插头、开关？
MikeCorrect. Visual inspection every time. Frayed cord? Don't use it. Cracked housing? Don't use it. Missing guard on the angle grinder? Absolutely don't use it.
对。每次都要目视检查。电线磨损了？别用。外壳裂了？别用。角磨机没 有护罩？绝对不要用。
Mike老王: I'll add something. The angle grinder guard — a lot of guys take it off because it gets in the way. That's how you lose a finger. I've seen it. The guard is there for a reason.
我补充一点。角磨机护罩——很多人嫌碍事拆掉。断手指就是这么来的。我 亲眼见过。护罩的存在是有道理的。
MikeExactly, Lao Wang. Also — the right disc for the right material. Cutting disc for cutting, grinding disc for grinding. And NEVER exceed the RPM rating on the disc.
说得对，老王。还有——正确的片用在正确的材料上。切割片用来切割，磨 片用来打磨。而且绝对不能超过磨片上的额定转速。
How do you check the RPM?
MikeThe disc has the max RPM printed on it. Say 13,300 RPM. Your grinder has a no-load speed printed on it — say 11,000 RPM. Grinder speed must be ≤ disc speed. Simple.
磨片上印了最大转速，比如13,300 RPM。角磨机上印了空载转速——比如 11,000 RPM。角磨机转速必须小于等于磨片转速。很简单。
Mike老王: Let me talk about the hammer drill. When we're drilling into concrete for anchors, we use the rotary hammer with a masonry bit — NOT a regular drill. Regular drill will burn out the motor, and the bit will be toast in two holes.
我来说说电锤。我们在混凝土上打锚栓孔时，得用带冲击功能的电锤配上 石工钻头——不能用普通电钻。普通电钻电机会烧，钻头两个孔就废了。
MikeGood. And any time you're working on electrical equipment with a multimeter, what's the rule?
好。任何时候你用万用表检测电气设备时，规则是什么？
Mike小李: Test the meter first on a known live source to make sure it works, then test the equipment, then test the meter again on the known source to make sure it still works.
先用万用表测已知有电的源确认表能用，再测设备，然后再测一次已知源 确认表还能用。
MikePerfect. That's the "live-dead-live" test. It can save your life.
完美。这就是"有电-无电-有电"测试法。能救命。
Mike老王: One more thing about tools in general — housekeeping. Don't leave tools lying around. I tripped over an extension cord last week that someone left across the walkway. Put tools back in the gang box when you're done. Tag damaged tools and take them out of service.
还有一件关于工具的事——现场整理。工具别乱放。上周我被一根横跨走道 的延长电线绊倒了。用完工具放回工具箱。损坏的工具挂标签、停用。
MikeCouldn't agree more. Alright, that's today's talk. Remember: inspect, use the right tool for the job, wear your PPE, and clean up after yourself. Stay safe out there.
完全同意。好，今天的内容就这些。记住：检查、用对工具、穿戴好PPE、 用完收拾干净。在场上注意安全。