钢筋工程
一、钢筋基础 | Rebar Fundamentals
二、钢筋加工 | Rebar Fabrication
三、钢筋绑扎与安装 | Rebar Placement
四、配筋图与配料 | Rebar Detailing & Scheduling
五、钢筋检验 | Rebar Inspection
Rebar Fabrication Yard — Bar Bending Schedule and Processing
Luo, before we start fabrication for the substation foundation, let me review the bar bending schedule. This is the BBS for the main transformer pad — Drawing S-104.
罗工，在开始加工升压站基础的钢筋之前，我先审一下钢筋配料表。这是主 变压器基础的BBS——图S-104。
罗工: Here's the BBS. The transformer pad is 14 feet by 10 feet, 2 feet thick. Main bottom bars are #8 at 6 inches on center both ways. Top bars are #8 at 8 inches. Total weight is about 4,800 pounds of rebar.
这是BBS。变压器基础14英尺×10英尺，2英尺厚。底部主筋是8号钢筋，双 向间距6英寸。顶部是8号钢筋间距8英寸。总重量大约4800磅。
Let me check the stirrups. The detail shows #4 stirrups at 12 inches. Are those 135-degree hooks with 6-bar-diameter extensions? That's the seismic detail per ACI 318.
我查一下箍筋。详图表示4号箍筋间距12英寸。是135度弯钩带6倍钢筋直 径的延伸段吗？这是ACI 318的抗震节点做法。
罗工: Yes. #4 stirrup — 135° hook with a 3-inch extension. The stirrup dimensions: 21 inches wide by 33 inches deep, with 2 inches of concrete cover all around.
对。4号箍筋——135度弯钩，3英寸延伸段。箍筋尺寸：21英寸宽×33英寸 高，四周2英寸保护层。
Let me show you on the BBS. Each stirrup has a shape code 51. The developed length including hooks is 9 feet 6 inches. We need 26 stirrups for this pad.
我在BBS上指给你看。每个箍筋形状代码51。含弯钩的展开长度是9英尺 6英寸。这个基础需要26个箍筋。
OK, numbers check out. Pedro, how are you organizing the fabrication?
好，数字没问题。Pedro，加工你怎么组织？
We group bars by type and size. Today we're running the #8 bars — those are the straight bars for the bottom and top mats. Tomorrow we'll do the #4 stirrups on the bender. Each batch gets tagged with the bar mark from the BBS.
我们按类型和尺寸分组加工。今天做8号筋——那些是底筋和顶筋的直筋。 明天在弯曲机上做4号箍筋。每批按BBS编号挂牌。
罗工: Pedro, remember the bend radius for #4 bars is minimum 2 inches. For #8 bars if we need any bent bars, the minimum radius is 3 bar diameters — that's 3 inches. Don't over-bend; it causes micro-cracking.
Pedro，记住4号筋最小弯曲半径2英寸。8号筋如果有弯筋，最小半径是3 倍直径——也就是3英寸。别弯过头，会产生微裂纹。
And I'll do random dimension checks. One in every 20 bars gets measured — cut length, bend angle, hook extension. If anything is off by more than ±1 inch on length or ±2 degrees on angle, the whole batch gets rechecked.
我会做随机尺寸抽查。每20根抽一根量——切断长度、弯曲角度、弯钩延伸 段。长度偏差超±1英寸或角度偏差超±2度，整批重新检查。
Understood. I have the cut list posted at each machine. My guys know the tolerances. Also, I'm keeping the #8 and #4 bundles separated — no mixing of grades or sizes.
明白。每台机器旁都贴了下料单。我的人知道公差要求。还有，8号筋和 4号筋分开堆放——不混等级、不混尺寸。
罗工: Good. And make sure the epoxy-coated bars for the north end of the pad — those ten #8 bars — are handled with nylon slings and stored on padded racks. We can't nick the coating.
好。还有确保基础北端那10根环氧涂层8号筋——用尼龙吊带吊装，放在有 垫层的架子上。不能刮伤涂层。
Rebar Placement Inspection — Pre-Pour Checklist
Luo, the bottom mat is tied and the stirrups are in. Let's do the pre-pour inspection before we close the top mat. Inspector Chen is here for the witness point.
罗工，底层钢筋网绑好了，箍筋也放了。我们在盖上层网之前做浇筑前检查。 陈监理来见证点。
罗工: OK. Let's start with the bottom mat. BBS calls for #8 bars at 6 inches on center, both directions. Inspector Chen, let's measure the spacing together.
好。先从底层网开始。BBS要求8号钢筋双向间距6英寸。陈监理，我们一起 量间距。
陈监理: (measuring with tape) East-west direction: 5-7/8, 6, 6-1/8, 6, 5-15/16, 6. All within the ±1/4 inch tolerance. Acceptable.
（用卷尺量）东西向：5-7/8、6、6-1/8、6、5-15/16、6。全部在±1/4 英寸公差范围内。合格。
North-south direction: same thing — all around 6 inches. Good.
南北向：一样——全在6英寸左右。好。
Now check the concrete cover. What's the spec?
现在查保护层厚度。指标是多少？
罗工: 2 inches bottom cover for cast-in-place concrete against earth. Per ACI 318, that's minimum 3 inches if cast against soil, but we have a mud slab — a 2-inch lean concrete blinding layer — so 2 inches of cover is acceptable.
底部保护层2英寸，现浇混凝土与土接触。按ACI 318，直接与土接触最少 3英寸，但我们有垫层——2英寸素混凝土找平层——所以2英寸保护层可以接受。
(checking with cover meter) Readings: 2.1, 2.0, 1.9, 2.2, 2.0 inches. All within the ±0.5 inch tolerance.
（用钢筋扫描仪测）读数：2.1、2.0、1.9、2.2、2.0英寸。全部在±0.5 英寸公差内。
陈监理: Let me check the splices. The #8 bottom bars are spliced at the mid-span — that's Class B tension splice per ACI. The lap length should be 48 bar diameters for #8. That's 48 inches.
我检查一下接头。8号底筋在跨中搭接——按ACI是B级受拉接头。搭接长度 8号筋应为48倍直径。也就是48英寸。
罗工: (measures) This splice is 49 inches. This one: 50 inches. All splices exceed the 48-inch minimum. And they're staggered — no two adjacent splices are at the same location.
（测量）这个接头49英寸。这个：50英寸。所有接头都超过48英寸最小值。 而且是错开的——相邻两根接头不在同一位置。
Now the stirrups. Count and spacing, please.
好，现在查箍筋。数量和间距。
罗工: We have 26 stirrups, #4 at 12 inches on center. Let me verify the first stirrup is at 2 inches from the face — per ACI, the first stirrup should be at s/2, which is 6 inches max, but 2 inches is conservative and acceptable.
我们26个箍筋，4号筋间距12英寸。我核实第一道箍筋离面2英寸——按ACI 第一道箍筋应为s/2即不超过6英寸，2英寸偏保守，可以接受。
Stirrup hooks are alternated — one hook at 135° one way, the next 135° the opposite way. That's the seismic requirement.
箍筋弯钩交替放置——一个135度朝一边，下一个135度朝另一边。这是抗震 要求。
Top mat — we'll inspect after it's tied. But for now, this bottom mat and stirrup cage pass inspection. Inspector Chen?
上层网——绑完了我们再查。目前底层网和箍筋笼通过检验。陈监理？
陈监理: I concur. You can proceed with the top mat tie-in. I'll be back at 3 PM for the final pre-pour inspection. Make sure the embedments — anchor bolts and conduits — are in place before then.
我同意。可以继续上层网绑扎了。下午3点我回来做最终浇筑前检查。在那 之前确保预埋件——锚栓和套管——就位。
罗工: Will do. Thanks, gentlemen.
好的。谢谢两位。